Obtaining a security clearance, especially a Secret clearance, is a significant undertaking. It requires meticulous attention to detail, patience, and a thorough understanding of the process. This guide breaks down the steps involved, offering insights into what to expect and how to increase your chances of success.
Understanding Security Clearances: What is Secret Clearance?
Before diving into the process, let's clarify what a Secret clearance entails. A Secret security clearance is granted by the U.S. government to individuals who require access to classified information impacting national security. This information is more sensitive than that accessible with a Confidential clearance but less sensitive than Top Secret information. The level of clearance you need depends on the specific job or position.
The Secret Clearance Application Process: Step-by-Step
The application process is rigorous and involves several key stages:
1. The Job Offer: It All Starts Here
The process typically begins with a job offer that requires a security clearance. Your prospective employer will initiate the background investigation.
2. The Security Clearance Application (SF86): Be Thorough and Honest
The Standard Form 86 (SF86) is the cornerstone of the process. This lengthy questionnaire delves deeply into your personal history, including:
- Personal Information: This covers your basic details, family history, and contact information.
- Financial History: This section scrutinizes your financial stability, including bankruptcies, debts, and any history of financial mismanagement.
- Employment History: A complete and accurate account of your work history is crucial. Include any volunteer work or significant activities.
- Education History: Provide details about all your educational institutions.
- Foreign Contact: This section focuses on any foreign travel, contacts, or associations. Be especially thorough and detail any relationships with foreign nationals.
- Criminal History: Disclose any criminal charges, convictions, or arrests, regardless of the outcome. Be completely honest; omitting information can have serious consequences.
- Drug and Alcohol Use: Be transparent about your history with substance abuse.
Accuracy is paramount. Any discrepancies or omissions can significantly delay or derail the process.
3. The Investigation: A Deep Dive into Your Background
Once you submit the SF86, a thorough background investigation commences. This investigation can take several months, even years, depending on the complexity of your background. Investigators will verify the information you provided and conduct interviews with your references, employers, and neighbors.
4. The Interview: Prepare to Answer Tough Questions
You may be interviewed by an investigator. Be prepared to answer questions in detail and provide supporting documentation. Honesty and a calm demeanor are vital.
5. Adjudication: The Final Decision
After the investigation, your application is reviewed by a security clearance adjudicator. They consider various factors, including your personal conduct, financial stability, foreign contacts, and any potential security risks.
Factors That Can Affect Your Clearance
Several factors can influence the outcome of your security clearance application. These include:
- Financial Responsibility: Outstanding debts or a history of financial irresponsibility can be detrimental.
- Foreign Contacts: Close relationships with foreign nationals can raise concerns.
- Criminal History: Any criminal record, even minor offenses, requires careful explanation.
- Drug and Alcohol Use: A history of substance abuse can negatively impact your application.
- Mental Health: Certain mental health conditions can be a cause for concern.
- Truthfulness: Honesty is essential throughout the entire process.
Tips for a Successful Secret Clearance Application
- Be meticulous: Complete the SF86 with extreme care and accuracy.
- Seek professional guidance: If needed, consider consulting a security clearance attorney.
- Be prepared for delays: The process can be lengthy.
- Maintain a clean record: Avoid any actions that could compromise your application.
Obtaining a Secret clearance is a challenging but achievable goal. By understanding the process, being thoroughly prepared, and maintaining honesty and transparency, you can significantly increase your chances of success. Remember, patience and persistence are key.
