Maintaining the correct air pressure in your expansion tank is crucial for the efficient and safe operation of your home's plumbing system. An improperly pressurized tank can lead to a variety of problems, from premature tank failure to reduced water pressure and even system damage. This guide will help you understand why proper pressure is important and how to check and adjust it yourself.
Understanding Your Expansion Tank
Your expansion tank acts as a buffer for the pressure fluctuations within your plumbing system, particularly when your water heater heats water. As water heats, it expands. This expansion needs somewhere to go, and that's where the expansion tank comes in. It absorbs this expansion, preventing excessive pressure buildup that could damage pipes or fixtures.
The tank is divided into two chambers: one filled with air (pre-charged during manufacturing), and the other filled with water. The air pressure in the air chamber acts as a cushion, preventing the water chamber from becoming completely full.
What is the correct Air Pressure?
The ideal air pressure in your expansion tank is typically equal to the water pressure in your system. This is also commonly referred to as the static water pressure. You'll need to check your water pressure first before determining the correct air pressure for your expansion tank.
How to Check Your Water Pressure:
- Locate your main water shut-off valve. This is usually found near the street where the water line enters your home.
- Turn off the main valve. This is important to prevent any unexpected water flow while you check the pressure.
- Locate your pressure gauge. This gauge is usually found near your water meter or on the main water line.
- Check the reading on the gauge. This indicates your static water pressure. Note down this reading.
How to Check Your Expansion Tank Air Pressure:
- Locate your expansion tank. It's usually found near your water heater.
- Locate the Schrader valve. This valve is a small, usually brass fitting on the tank, similar to the valve on a car tire.
- Use a tire pressure gauge. Attach the gauge to the Schrader valve and check the pressure. This will show the current air pressure in the tank.
- Compare the two readings. Your expansion tank air pressure should be roughly equal to the water pressure reading you obtained earlier.
Adjusting the Air Pressure
If your expansion tank air pressure is too low or too high, you can adjust it using a tire inflation needle or a similar device.
Adding Air: If the pressure is too low, simply use a tire inflation needle and add air until it matches your water pressure.
Removing Air: If the pressure is too high, you need to let some air out. Use a small device like a tire pressure gauge's release valve to slowly release air, checking the pressure frequently, until it reaches the target pressure (your water pressure).
Important Note: Never completely empty the expansion tank of air.
Signs of an Incorrectly Pressurized Expansion Tank
Several issues might point towards an incorrectly pressurized expansion tank:
- Reduced Water Pressure: Inconsistent or low water pressure throughout your home.
- Water Hammer: Loud banging sounds in your pipes when water is turned on or off.
- Leaking Pipes: Excessive pressure could cause pipes to burst or leak.
- Premature Tank Failure: The tank itself may fail due to consistent over-pressurization or lack of pressure relief.
When to Call a Professional
While adjusting the air pressure in your expansion tank is a relatively straightforward task, you should call a qualified plumber if:
- You are uncomfortable performing the task yourself.
- You suspect a more serious issue with your plumbing system.
- You've made adjustments but the problem persists.
- Your tank is leaking or showing signs of damage.
By regularly checking and maintaining the proper air pressure in your expansion tank, you can ensure the longevity and efficiency of your plumbing system, avoiding costly repairs and ensuring a consistent supply of water to your home. Remember, regular maintenance is key to a healthy plumbing system!
